Based on Your Data How Are Elements Arranged Into Chemical Families
2.3: Families and Periods of the Periodic Table
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Skills to Develop
- Requite the name and location of specific groups on the periodic tabular array, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, noble gases, halogens, and transition metals.
- Explain the relationship betwixt the chemical beliefs of families in the periodic table and their electron configurations.
- Identify elements that volition have the most like properties to a given chemical element.
The chemical beliefs of atoms is controlled by their electron configuration. Since the families of elements were organized by their chemical beliefs, it is anticipated that the individual members of each chemical family will take similar electron configurations.
Families of the Periodic Table
Remember that Mendeleev bundled the periodic table so that elements with the most similar properties were placed in the same group. A grouping is a vertical column of the periodic table. All of the 1A elements take one valence electron. This is what causes these elements to react in the same ways equally the other members of the family. The elements in 1A are all very reactive and form compounds in the same ratios with similar properties with other elements. Because of their similarities in their chemical backdrop, Mendeleev put these elements into the aforementioned grouping. Group 1A is too known equally the brine metals. Although virtually metals tend to be very hard, these metals are actually soft and can exist hands cut.
Group 2A is likewise called the alkaline earth metals. Over again, because of their similarities in electron configurations, these elements have similar properties to each other. The same design is true of other groups on the periodic table. Recall, Mendeleev arranged the table so that elements with the most like properties were in the same group on the periodic tabular array.
It is important to recognize a couple of other important groups on the periodic table by their group name. Grouping 7A (or 17) elements are also called halogens. This grouping contains very reactive nonmetal elements.
The noble gases are in group 8A. These elements also have like properties to each other, the nigh significant belongings being that they are extremely unreactive, rarely forming compounds. We will learn the reason for this later, when we talk over how compounds course. The elements in this grouping are likewise gases at room temperature.
An alternate numbering system numbers all of the \(s\), \(p\), and \(d\) cake elements from 1-18. In this numbering arrangement, group 1A is grouping 1; group 2A is group ii; the halogens (7A) are group 17; and the noble gases (8A) are group 18. You will run across periodic tables with both numbering systems. It is important to recognize which numbering system is beingness used and to be able to observe the number of valence electrons in the main block elements regardless of which numbering system is being used.
Periods of the Periodic Table
If you can locate an element on the Periodic Table, y'all can apply the element's position to effigy out the energy level of the element'southward valence electrons. A period is a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table. For example, the elements sodium (\(\ce{Na}\)) and magnesium (\(\ce{Mg}\)) are both in period 3. The elements astatine (\(\ce{At}\)) and radon (\(\ce{Rn}\)) are both in menstruum 6.
Summary
- The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups or families because of their similar chemical beliefs.
- All the members of a family of elements have the same number of valence electrons and similar chemic backdrop.
- The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called periods.
Vocabulary
- Group (family unit): A vertical column in the periodic table.
- Alkali metals: Grouping 1A of the periodic table.
- Alkaline earth metals: Group 2A of the periodic table.
- Halogens: Group 7A of the periodic table.
- Noble gases: Grouping 8A of the periodic table.
- Transition elements: Groups iii to 12 of the periodic table.
Contributors
Source: https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Valley_City_State_University/Chem_121/Chapter_2:_Atomic_Structure/2.03:_Families_and_Periods_of_the_Periodic_Table
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